What term describes organizations that can fundraise and spend to support or attack a candidate but cannot contribute directly to a candidate or coordinate with a candidate's campaign?

• A. Super PACs
• B. Top-two primary
• C. Voter fatigue
• D. Citizen journalism

Answer: (A)

These are independent expenditure committees, known as Super PACs. They can raise and spend unlimited amounts to advocate for or against a candidate, but they may not donate money directly to a candidate’s campaign or coordinate with the campaign’s staff or strategy. They operate independently from the candidate, so their spending is separate from official campaign finance, though they must disclose their donors and expenditures. This independence—and the ability to raise unlimited funds for political messaging—defines them and sets them apart from traditional PACs, which can contribute directly to campaigns but face contribution limits. The other options describe voting systems or media phenomena, not a type of campaign committee with this specific fundraising and spending structure.